Effects of chlorocholine chloride and prohexadione-Ca on rhizome growth and lateral bud production in Iris germanica L.

Iris germanica L. is a popular perennial flower worldwide, but its use is limited in China due to an inadequate availability of propagules. To accelerate rhizome growth and lateral bud production using plant growth retardants (PGRs), chlorocholine chloride (CCC; at 1,500 or 3,000 mg l^?1) or prohexadione-Ca (at 700 or 1,500 mg l^?1) were applied to uniform plants of I. germanica. Time-course measurements of changes in morphogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, total soluble protein (TSP) concentrations, and endogenous phytohormone concentrations in rhizomes were conducted to test the efficacy of CCC or prohexadione-Ca for increasing rhizome growth and lateral bud production. The results showed that both PGRs increased the fresh weights of rhizomes at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment (WAT). Overall, 700 mg l^?1 prohexadione-Ca was most effective at promoting the formation of lateral buds which increased by 183.5% at 12 WAT relative to untreated control plants. Concentrations of sucrose and starch in PGR-treated rhizomes increased at 2, 4, and 6 WAT, while a decline was observed by 12 WAT. TSP concentrations increased during rhizome enlargement, then decreased during lateral bud germination after prohexadione-Ca treatment. In general, concentrations of endogenous phytohormones, such as gibberellins, indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid, and zeatin riboside, decreased significantly in rhizomes at 4 WAT, then increased at 12 WAT. Our study indicated that prohexadione-Ca promoted rhizome growth and the accumulation of sucrose and starch before summer dormancy, then significantly accelerated the production of lateral buds.     

Agronomic and economic performance of seed yam production using minisetts in the middle belt of Nigeria

White yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is an important tuber crop of West Africa and the Caribbean, and one of the key limiting factors in its production is the availability of good quality planting material. The Adaptive Yam Minisett Technique (AYMT) was designed to help overcome this constraint. The paper presents an analysis of agronomic and economic data collected across four years (2013 to 2016) of AYMT plots planted in two areas within the middle-belt of Nigeria. Of the 136 plots that were established, 11% were lost to flooding and damage from Fulani cattle. Mean yield was 13.16 t/ha, 17,747 tubers/ha and the mean tuber weight was 0.73 kg. Plot yield declined with an increase in planting time, while plots owned by female farmers were on average planted later than those owned by their male counterparts; this helps explain the effect of gender noted in a previous study. Differences in yield were also noted between the two areas, which could also partly be explained by differences in planting time. The plots were profitable, with a mean cost over the four years of Naira 915,196/ha, revenue of Naira 3,197,786/ha and gross margin of Naira 2,282,591/ha (equivalent to US$4,039, US$14,319 and US$10,280 respectively). The main factor influencing costs and revenue was year, with no effect of gender. There is a need for more research on planting time in AYMT and how it interacts with factors, such as yam variety.     

块状紫山药新品种苏蓣2号选育及全程机械化栽培技术

利用辐射诱变育种技术筛选出优质、高效、专用并适于全程机械化栽培的块状紫山药新品种———苏蓣2号。农机、农艺融合,应用苏鲁2个厂家生产的4种机械可完成旋耕、起垄、播种、中耕、追肥、施药、除草、培土、切蔓和收获等10种主要生产工序。单件机械的作业效率为4~5 hm2/d,山药主产区、特菜区节本增效为3.75万元/hm2以上。该全程机械化栽培技术操作简单,切实可行,易于推广。     

贯众、当归、黄芪对半滑舌鳎血液抗氧化指标的影响

在水温(21±1)℃和盐度20±1下,将体质量(95.45±5.29)g的半滑舌鳎饲养在78cm×58cm×46cm水槽中,投喂按0、5、10、15g/kg添加贯众、当归、黄芪的饲料,每箱20尾,每个水平3个重复,7d、14d和21d时尾柄采血,测定总超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及总抗氧化能力、丙二醛、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。试验结果表明,14d时,贯众剂量为15g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),14d和21d时,各剂量组丙二醛含量均低于对照组;14d时,当归剂量为5g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力达到最高值;21d时,黄芪剂量为10g/kg组的丙二醛含量值显著低于对照组(P0.05),21d时,黄芪剂量为5g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力达到最高值,不同剂量的黄芪对过氧化氢酶活力有显著影响,但均低于对照组(P0.05);7d时,各组总抗氧化能力达到最高值。试验表明,单独添加贯众、当归及黄芪均不同程度地影响半滑舌鳎血液的抗氧化指标。     

淮山片变温压差干制工艺优化及其特性研究

【目的】优化淮山片变温压差干制工艺,并研究该工艺对淮山片结构和主要功能成分的影响,为利用变温压差干制技术生产高品质淮山干制品提供理论依据。【方法】以复水比、色泽和收缩率为评价指标,结合模糊评判,采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验设计优化淮山片变温压差干制工艺条件,研究膨化温度(X1)、抽空温度(X2)和抽空时间(X3)对淮山片变温压差干制效果的影响规律,以及变温压差干制工艺对淮山片品质的影响。【结果】建立了淮山片综合评分(Y)的回归方程:Y=6.97-0.63X1-1.61X2-1.07X3+0.38X1X2-0.14X1X3+0.044X2X3-0.67X12-0.57X22-0.92X32(R2=0.9396),3个因素对淮山片综合评分均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。淮山片变温压差干制最佳工艺参数为:膨化温度87℃、抽空温度74℃、抽空时间138 min,在此条件下所制备的淮山片复水比为1.82,色泽L为91.32,收缩率为36.12%,综合评分为8.71分,得到的淮山片片形较好,黄酮和尿囊素保存率高。【结论】通过二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化得到的变温压差干制工艺能较好地保持淮山片片形、保留淮山活性成分,可有效应用于淮山片的干制,建立的模型能用于指导实际生产。     

大剂量生白术配伍枳实治疗慢传输型便秘62例

目的 观察大剂量生白术配伍枳实治疗慢传输型便秘的临床疗效。方法 符合纳入标准的慢传输型便秘患者62例,采用大剂量生白术配伍枳实煎剂治疗,14 d为1个疗程,治疗2个疗程。分别记录治疗前、1个疗程后、2个疗程后及停药2周后患者便秘症状评分（CCS）及生活质量估量评分（PAC）。结果 治疗结束时,治愈31例,显效16例,有效10例,无效5例,总有效率91.9%。治疗1个疗程后、2个疗程后及停药2周后与治疗前对比,便秘症状（除腹痛）及生存质量均有显著改善（P<0.05）;治疗2个疗程后、停药2周后与治疗1个疗程后对比,便秘症状（除腹痛与排便辅助方法）及生存质量均有显著改善（P<0.05）。结论 大剂量生白术配伍枳实能显著改善慢传输型便秘患者的临床症状及生活质量,临床疗效确切。     

河北省山药产量及施肥现状分析

以河北省山药主产区为调研对象,对山药施肥现状及存在问题进行了调研分析。结果表明:河北省山药平均产量水平为52.4 t/hm~2,高产农户所占比例为56.7%。总氮、磷、钾养分投入量分别为884、759和943 kg/hm~2,其中化肥氮、磷、钾养分投入量分别为560、630和720 kg/hm~2。根据养分分级等级进行评价,农户化肥氮、磷、钾投入过量比例分别为90.0%、98.3%和96.7%,不足比例分别为5.0%、0.0%和3.3%,合理比例仅为5.0%、1.7%和0.0%。因氮、磷、钾肥及有机肥的不合理施用导致的产量损失量,占最高产量的比例分别为2.63%、2.92%、4.34%和2.26%。     

山药连作对土壤微生物群落及土壤酶活性的影响

以山药连作（0 a,1 a,2 a）和轮作（山药—小麦）土壤为研究对象,探讨耕作模式对山药种植地耕层土壤（0—30 cm）微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果表明:土壤耕层的有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量随山药连作年限的延长而逐渐降低,而山药—小麦轮作模式则有助于恢复地力。山药连作、轮作的土壤均以细菌所占比例最大,放线菌次之,真菌最少;与对照（0 a）相比,细菌、放线菌数量均随着山药连作年限增加呈递减趋势;但放线菌的降幅明显大于细菌,表现出对连作年限更强的敏感性;真菌数量随连作年限呈先升后降的趋势。山药连作可以明显降低土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的活性,轮作模式则可以激发该三种酶的活性,其中轮作较连作2 a的处理可以明显提高脲酶和蔗糖酶活性,差异分别达显著水平（p < 0.05）和极显著水平（p < 0.01）。说明山药连作会破坏土壤耕层微生物种群结构,并抑制土壤酶活性,轮作可以在一定程度上改善土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性质量。     

姜新品种‘渝姜1号’

渝姜1号’是从‘竹根姜’群体中选育出的姜新品种。植株长势较强,耐旱,耐涝,抗姜瘟病。根茎呈不规则块状,有明显的指状分枝,长23.48 cm,厚1.29 cm,分蘖数13 ~ 15个,粗蛋白质含量15.9%,总糖含量17.6 g · kg-1,粗纤维含量0.79%,姜辣素含量2.32%,品质辛香脆嫩,辛辣味明显,平均产量可达60 000 kg · hm-2,适宜在重庆及西南地区设施或露地栽培。     

松嫩平原不同土壤基质条件下羊草种群年龄结构的研究

通过对不同土壤基质条件下羊草Leymus chinensis种群年龄结构进行研究,结果表明:5月中旬在松嫩平原羊草种群营养生长期,分蘖株均由1龄、2龄、3龄3个龄级组成,呈增长型年龄结构,其中均以1龄和2龄级分蘖株占绝对优势,为89.4%～99.7%,3龄株仅占0.3%～10.6%;根茎均由2龄、3龄、4龄3个龄级组成,根茎长度及其质量均以2龄级最高,3龄次之,4龄最小;根茎物质的储量均随着龄级的升高而降低,羊草种群对低龄植株、根茎的大比例投资是羊草种群扩大其空间的一种十分有效的生态对策.